The Relationship between Dietary Habits, Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels among People without Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes; The ATTICA Study

Original Data

Rev Diabet Stud, 2005, 2(4):208-215

DOI 10.1900/RDS.2005.2.208

The Relationship between Dietary Habits, Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels among People without Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes; The ATTICA Study

Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos¹, Natalia Tzima¹, Christos Pitsavos², Christina Chrysohoou², Emilia Papakonstantinou¹, Antonis Zampelas¹, Christodoulos Stefanadis²

¹Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 46 Paleon Polemiston St., 166 74 Attica, Athens, Greece.
²First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Address correspondence to: Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, e-mail: d.b.panagiotakos@usa.net.

Keywords: insulin, glycemic control, metabolic syndrome, diet

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diet has long been associated with a risk of insulin resistance and poor glycemic control. We sought to investigate the association between food groups and indices of glycemic control in adults without type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: During 2001 - 2002 we randomly enrolled 1514 men (18-87 years old) and 1528 women (18-89 years old) without evidence of cardiovascular disease from the Attica area of Greece. Of them, 118 men and 92 women were excluded from the present analysis due to a history of diabetes mellitus (type 2). Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were measured, while dietary habits were evaluated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Red meat consumption was positively associated with hyperglycemia (p = 0.04), hyperinsulinemia (p = 0.04), and HOMA levels (p = 0.03), even after adjusting for BMI and various other potential confounders. The intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, yogurt and other dairy products was not associated with levels of glycemic control indices. CONCLUSIONS: A higher consumption of red meat and its products may aggravate hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in non-diabetic people.

Fulltext: HTML , PDF (391KB)

This article has been cited by other articles:

	Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with renal function among healthy adults: the ATTICA study Chrysohoou C, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas J, Zeimbekis A, Kastorini CM, Stefanadis C J Ren Nutr 2010. 20(3):176-184

	Hypoglycemic action of chicken meat extract in type-2 diabetic KKAy mice and GK rats Sim MK, Wong YC, Xu XG, Sim SZ, Tsi D Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009. 73(12):2583-2588

	Dietary habits and cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and elderly populations: a review of evidence Tourlouki E, Matalas AL, Panagiotakos DB Clin Interv Aging 2009. 4:319-330

	Five-year incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among cardiovascular disease-free Greek adults: findings from the ATTICA study Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas Y, Lentzas Y, Stefanadis C Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008. 4(3):691-698

	Association Between Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Men and Women from the ATTICA Study Pitsavos C, Tampourlou M, Panagiotakos DB, Skoumas Y, Chrysohoou C, Nomikos T, Stefanadis C Rev Diabet Stud 2007. 4(2):98-104